Achaenodon now nests with Thomashuxleya
Two rarely studied taxa,
Achaenodon and Thomashuxleya (Fig 1), now nest together in the LRT at the base of the Notoungulata, close to oreodonts and hippos. Outgroups include oreodonts like Merycoidodon (Fig 1).
Figure 1. Achaenodon now nests as a giant Thomashuxleya. The oreodont, Merycoidodon, is an ancestor.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg?w=244″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-90137″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Achaenodon now nests as a giant Thomashuxleya. The oreodont, Merycoidodon, is an ancestor. ” width=”584″ height=”717″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg?w=584&h=717 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg?w=122&h=150 122w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg?w=244&h=300 244w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/achaenodon_robustus-relatives588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Achaenodon now nests as a giant Thomashuxleya. The oreodont, Merycoidodon, is an ancestor.
Thomashuxleya externa
(Ameghino 1901; Carrillo and Asher 2017; Eocene, 48-40 mya; 0.33m skull length, 1.3 m overall length, Middle Eocene) was named for the famous 19th century paleontologist. Thomashuxleya had four fingers and four toes. Considered a notoungulate, this taxon nests between Interatherium and Hegetotherium. The large premaxillary fangs and flat teeth indicate this was a large herbivore convergent with hippos.
Achaenodon robustus
(Cope 1873, Eocene) was tradionally considered an artiodactyl, but here nests with the notoungulate, Thomashuxleya, only larger. The skull was extremely wide with strong jaw muscles filling the space around the narrow cranium and crests. According to Wikipedia, “Achaenodon is an extinct artiodactyl mammal, possibly belonging to the family Helohyidae.” a clade with uncertain traditional affinities.
Despite their close interrelationship, Achaenodon is from western North America vs Thomahuxleya from southern South America. Perhaps the LRT has shed light on this long-standing phylogenetic problem.
References
Ameghino F 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie [Preliminary notes on new ungulates from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 16:349-429.
Carrillo JD and Asher RJ 2017. An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Palaentologia Electronica 20.2.34A online PDF
Cope ED 1873. Fourth notice of extinct Vertebrata from the Bridger and the Green River Tertiaries. Paleontological Bulletin 17:1–4.
wiki/Achaenodon
wiki/Thomashuxleya
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/11/30/achaenodon-now-nests-with-thomashuxleya/
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